Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides by N–C Cleavage Mediated by Air-Stable, Well-Defined [Pd(NHC)(sulfide)Cl2] Catalysts: Reaction Development, Scope, and Mechanism

by Shiyi Yang, Xiang Yu, Yaxu Liu, Michele Tomasini, Lucia Caporaso, Albert Poater, et.al.
Year: 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.3c00912

Extra Information

Organic Chemistry

Abstract

The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides by selective N–C acyl bond cleavage represents a powerful tool for constructing biaryl ketones from historically inert amide bonds. These amide bond activation reactions hinge upon efficient oxidative addition of the N–C acyl bond to Pd(0). However, in contrast to the well-researched activation of aryl halides by C(sp2)–X oxidative addition, very few studies on the mechanism of C(acyl)–N bond oxidative addition and catalyst effect have been reported. Herein, we report a study on [Pd(NHC)(sulfide)Cl2] catalysts in amide N–C bond activation. These readily prepared, well-defined, air- and moisture-stable Pd(II)–NHC catalysts feature SMe2 (DMS = dimethylsulfide) or S(CH2CH2)2 (THT = tetrahydrothiophene) as ancillary ligands. The reaction development, kinetic studies, and reaction scope are presented. Extensive DFT studies were conducted to gain insight into the mechanism of C(acyl)–N bond oxidative addition and catalyst activation. We expect that [Pd(NHC)(sulfide)Cl2] precatalysts featuring sulfides as well-defined, readily accessible ancillary ligands will find application in C(acyl)–X bond activation in organic synthesis and catalysis.